HIV Infections

Incidence and factors associated with active tuberculosis among people living with HIV after long-term antiretroviral therapy in Thailand: a competing risk model

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is known to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, studies describing the impact of long-term ART and CD4 count recovery on TB incidence remain scarce due to limited …

Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of TB among people living with HIV

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic tools to identify incipient or subclinical TB stages will be helpful for preventive intervention. A simple biomarker to predict TB may be the monocytes to lymphocytes ratio (ML ratio) in peripheral blood.METHODS: We assessed …

Viral Load and Risk of Tuberculosis in HIV Infection

Implementation of tuberculosis infection prevention and control in Mozambican health care facilities

SETTING: District and urban health care facilities in three provinces (Manica, Sofala, Tete) in central Mozambique. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of implementation of selected tuberculosis infection prevention and control (TB-IPC) measures. DESIGN: …

Risk assessment of tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. A TBNET study

RATIONALE: In the absence of active tuberculosis, a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) result defines latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although test results may vary depending on …

Embracing the challenges of HIV-TB co-infection in children

Antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis: does the regimen matter?

Infection with HIV is one of the strongest drivers of the incidence of tuberculosis. The use of potent combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) decreases the incidence of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients. Data on whether this effect differs by …

Design of pragmatic trials of tuberculosis interventions

TB diagnostic process management of patients in a referral hospital in Mozambique in comparison with the 2007 WHO recommendations for the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB

BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan African countries, the high proportion of smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNTB) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) contributes to a delay in TB diagnosis and treatment. We evaluated the TB diagnostic process of adult patients with …

Are routine tuberculosis programme data suitable to report on antiretroviral therapy use of HIV-infected tuberculosis patients?

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is lifesaving for HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients. ART-use by these patients lag behind compared to HIV-testing and co-trimoxazole preventive therapy. TB programmes provide the data on ART-use by …