Cohort Studies

Risk assessment of tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. A TBNET study

RATIONALE: In the absence of active tuberculosis, a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) result defines latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although test results may vary depending on …

Predictive value of the tuberculin skin test among newly arriving immigrants

RATIONALE: Screening and treating newly arriving immigrants for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in low-incidence countries could be promising to reduce the tuberculosis incidence among this population. The effectiveness of screening with the …

Role of the QuantiFERON(R)-TB Gold In-Tube assay in screening new immigrants for tuberculosis infection

This study aimed to estimate the risk of progression to active tuberculosis (TB) within 2 yrs after entry in newly arriving immigrants who were screened with the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT-GIT; Cellestis, Carnegie, Australia). In a …

Earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy, increased tuberculosis case finding and reduced mortality in a setting of improved HIV care: a retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVES High early mortality after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in resource-limited settings is associated with low baseline CD4 cell counts and a high burden of opportunistic infections. Our large urban HIV clinic in Uganda has made …

Incidence and Predictors of Mortality and the Effect of Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Cohort of TB/HIV Patients Commencing Antiretroviral Therapy

BACKGROUND:: Tuberculosis-HIV (TB-HIV) coinfection remains an important cause of mortality in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. In a cohort of TB-HIV-coinfected patients starting ART, we examined the incidence and predictors of early mortality. …

Patient-centred tuberculosis treatment delivery under programmatic conditions in Tanzania: a cohort study

BACKGROUND: Directly observed therapy (DOT) remains the cornerstone of the global tuberculosis (TB) control strategy. Tanzania, one of the 22 high-burden countries regarding TB, changed the first-line treatment regimen to contain …

Determination of Clinically Relevant Cutoffs for HIV-1 Phenotypic Resistance Estimates Through a Combined Analysis of Clinical Trial and Cohort Data

BACKGROUND:: Clinically relevant cutoffs are needed for the interpretation of HIV-1 phenotypic resistance estimates as predicted by ''virtual'' phenotype HIV resistance analysis. METHODS:: Using a clinical data set containing 2596 treatment change …

Differential CD4 T-cell response in HIV-1-infected patients using protease inhibitor-based or nevirapine-based highly active antiretroviral therapy

OBJECTIVES: To study the dynamics of CD4 T-lymphocyte counts (CD4 counts) after the initiation of either protease inhibitor (PI)-based or nevirapine (NVP)-based first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN AND METHODS: A …