CD4 Lymphocyte Count

Incidence and factors associated with active tuberculosis among people living with HIV after long-term antiretroviral therapy in Thailand: a competing risk model

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is known to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, studies describing the impact of long-term ART and CD4 count recovery on TB incidence remain scarce due to limited …

Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of TB among people living with HIV

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic tools to identify incipient or subclinical TB stages will be helpful for preventive intervention. A simple biomarker to predict TB may be the monocytes to lymphocytes ratio (ML ratio) in peripheral blood.METHODS: We assessed …

Are routine tuberculosis programme data suitable to report on antiretroviral therapy use of HIV-infected tuberculosis patients?

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is lifesaving for HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients. ART-use by these patients lag behind compared to HIV-testing and co-trimoxazole preventive therapy. TB programmes provide the data on ART-use by …

Earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy, increased tuberculosis case finding and reduced mortality in a setting of improved HIV care: a retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVES High early mortality after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in resource-limited settings is associated with low baseline CD4 cell counts and a high burden of opportunistic infections. Our large urban HIV clinic in Uganda has made …

The effect of tuberculosis and antiretroviral treatment on CD4+ cell count response in HIV-positive tuberculosis patients in Mozambique

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) presents a serious problem in Mozambique. HIV prevalence among TB patients is estimated at 47%. A delay in having their first CD4+ cell count could lead to a missed opportunity for ART initiation due to a CD4+ cell …

Long-term experience with combination antiretroviral therapy that contains nelfinavir for up to 7 years in a pediatric cohort

OBJECTIVE: We sought to provide long-term data on the clinical, immunologic, and virologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in infants and children who are naive to protease inhibitors. METHODS: HIV-1-infected children who were naive …

Protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have a comparable effect on the CD4 cell change after switching to tenofovir-based regimens

The effect of baseline CD4 cell count and HIV-1 viral load on the efficacy and safety of nevirapine or efavirenz-based first-line HAART

BACKGROUND: A substantial number of patients start their first-line antiretroviral therapy at an advanced stage of an HIV-1 infection. Potential differences between specific drug regimens in antiviral efficacy and safety in these patients are of …

Differential CD4 T-cell response in HIV-1-infected patients using protease inhibitor-based or nevirapine-based highly active antiretroviral therapy

OBJECTIVES: To study the dynamics of CD4 T-lymphocyte counts (CD4 counts) after the initiation of either protease inhibitor (PI)-based or nevirapine (NVP)-based first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN AND METHODS: A …

A randomized trial to study first-line combination therapy with or without a protease inhibitor in HIV-1-infected patients

OBJECTIVE: To compare one protease inhibitor (PI)-based and two PI-sparing antiretroviral therapy regimens. METHODS: International, open label, randomized study of antiretroviral drug-naive patients, with CD4 lymphocyte counts textgreater/= 200 x 106 …